Chapter+5

=Chapter 5=

What do you think?
They shorten the length of the string that is plucked by pinching it down on the fretboard with their fingers.

To get the highest pitched note from a guitar you will push down on the fret closest to the fretboard. The lowest pitched note is made at the top of the neck right before the head begins off of the neck.

Physics Talk Summary
Sounds are caused by vibrations. The pitch of the vibration is determined by the tension and length of the string. Shortening a string stops the wave from traveling farther. This shortening of strings to increase pitch is responsible for the mechanics of musical string instruments. The tuning on these instruments is done by tightening or loosening pegs that hold the strings much like the way we had the strings held in the lab today. By tightening the pegs the musician increases the tension on the string and therefore the pitch gets higher in return. The mathematical equation for pitch would deal with these two variables: length and force/tension. Other musical instruments react in similar forms as strings so the behaviors studied can be applied to other areas of sound.

Checking Up
1. The pitch of a sound is increased when the tension on a string is increased. 2. The pitch of a sound is increased when the length of a string is decreased. 3. Adding mass increased the tension on the string and increased the pitch of the vibration it made when plucked. 4. By the vibration of the surface of the drum. A drum with a smaller surface area and a tighter plate will make higher pitched sounds and a larger area with a loose plate will make low pitched sounds.

Inquiring Further #3
Dame Evelyn Glennie states in her essay that she is not completely deaf in several ways. Before she goes into that she states how the media paints an inaccurate picture of her and says if what they said was true it would be truly impossible for her to do what she does.

She says that first off hearing is not done only with the ears, vibrations are physical and can be felt through the sense of touch. Different pitches are felt in different parts of your body and the louder the sound the stronger the vibration and the more intense the feeling is. She learned to perfect her "hearing" with a music tutor when she was younger who used a special instrument that produced a lot of vibrations. Through this she learned how to sense and determine the pitch and loudness of notes by identifying and becoming extremely familiar with the area and intensity of the feelings on her body caused by the vibrations.

Secondly, which is less important to the physics of the matter, she can still partially hear with her ears, just not very well at all. She can understand someone talking to her one on one if there are no other sounds interfering, but once another sound interferes she won't be able to understand their words at all and must then rely on her lip reading skills. She can also identify certain things by associating the distorted sounds with them. Such as her phone which makes a crackling, rather than a ringing, sound when it goes off. So in the end is she is not completely deaf, but she is incredibly talented and has an amazing understanding of sound and vibrations.

Physics Plus

Physics To Go
a. To accurately shorten the length of the string to acquire desired specific-pitch notes. Sliding down the fretboard increases the pitch at a constant rate as you go down the neck. b. No. c. They require more accuracy because they don't have frets to space the different notes out for them. They need to be completely accustomed to their instruments and have the positions memorized. Their hearing needs to be acute so they also know when to stop sliding to resonate their instrument at the desired note.
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What do you think now?
By using higher or lower gauge strings, by shortening strings with their fingers as they play or by using knobs to tighten or loosen strings.

To get the highest pitched notes their hands would have to be close together because the highest pitched notes would be made at the end of the fretboard at the farthest strengths where the length of the string can effectively be made the shortest.

What do you think?
It moves up over the surface and then hits its peak before coming back down and hitting the surface and continues moving under it before it rises and repeats the process.

What do you think now?
Ocean waves are transverse waves. The particles travel up and down while the energy moves in a straight line, horizontally, meaning they are perpendicular. This is in opposition to a transverse wave where the particles move parallel to the energy. Beach waves generally have a very low frequency and wave speed, but fairly high amplitudes. These amplitudes get bigger the farther back the ocean pulls the water before releasing it. This gives the wave more energy for its high amplitude, it is why before a tidal wave the water from the ocean recedes back for a very large distance.

Section 4
What do you think?

Flutes and oboes produce sound by amplifying wind vibrations from within and projecting them through funnel shaped openings.

What do you think now?

Flutes and oboes move sound through a warm medium which keeps the sound moving at constant speed. Shortening and lengthening the tube will increase/lower the pitch, this is effectively done by covering the holes to allow the air to pass different distances.